Статьи 2025 г.
1 Уральский государственный лесотехнический университет
ул. Сибирский тракт, 37, Екатеринбург, 620100 Российская Федерация
2 Уральский государственный экономический университет
ул. 8 Марта/Народной Воли, 62/45, Екатеринбург, 620144 Российская Федерация
E-mail: Usoltsev50@mail.ru
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Усольцев В. А.1, 2 Последствия засух для мировых лесов. 3. Адаптационные аспекты (обзор зарубежной литературы) // Сибирский лесной журнал. 2025. № 6. С. …
DOI: 10.15372/SJFS20250601
EDN: …
© Усольцев В. А., 2025
Выбросы парниковых газов существенно изменили глобальный климат. Увеличение частоты, продолжительности, остроты засухи и теплового стресса, связанное с изменением климата, может коренным образом изменить состав, структуру и биогеографию лесов во многих регионах. Особую озабоченность вызывает потенциальное увеличение усыхания деревьев, связанное с физиологическим стрессом, вызванным изменением климата, и взаимодействием с другими связанными с ним процессами, такими, как нашествия насекомых и лесные пожары. Несмотря на отмеченные риски, существующие прогнозы отпада деревьев и гибели насаждений основаны на моделях, в которых отсутствуют функционально реалистичные физиологические механизмы. Стало очевидно, что современное понимание физиологических реакций деревьев на засуху остается недостаточным, и для составления реалистичных прогнозов гибели лесов в условиях быстрого изменения климата необходимы дополнительные базовые знания. Для количественного анализа механизмов гибели деревьев применена гидравлическая концепция, и на ее основе показана различная реакция на засуху изогидрических и анизогидрических видов. Представленный анализ глобальной уязвимости мировых лесов к жарким засухам в антропоцене показал, что она сильно недооценивается, включая леса в регионах с достаточным увлажнением. В целом, несмотря на продолжающиеся дискуссии и исследования, касающиеся многих специфических механизмов гибели лесов, огромные усилия, которые исследовательское сообщество приложило к выяснению этих механизмов, позволили получить существенные физиологические данные, указывающие на повышенную уязвимость лесов к гибели при жарких засухах.
Текст статьи
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